ldc-laravel-base-project/tests/CreatesApplication.php

<?php

namespace Tests;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel;

trait CreatesApplication
{
    /**
     * Creates the application.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Foundation\Application
     */
    public function createApplication(): \Illuminate\Foundation\Application
    {
        $app = require __DIR__ . '/../bootstrap/app.php';
        $app->make(Kernel::class)->bootstrap();
        return $app;
    }
}