diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 372673f..6a2ffe7 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@
         "phpunit/phpunit": "^12.5",
         "ramsey/uuid": "^4.9",
         "rector/rector": "^2.5",
-        "slevomat/coding-standard": "^8.22"
+        "slevomat/coding-standard": "^8.22",
+        "symfony/polyfill-php86": "^1.41"
     },
     "config": {
         "optimize-autoloader": true,
diff --git a/composer.lock b/composer.lock
index b3b9ea1..7f0d66c 100644
--- a/composer.lock
+++ b/composer.lock
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
         "Read more about it at https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#installing-dependencies",
         "This file is @generated automatically"
     ],
-    "content-hash": "886ef23f3ab9016783ebbad69a6cf3cc",
+    "content-hash": "1eb92d36919b5658369aa52580c0dc4a",
     "packages": [],
     "packages-dev": [
         {
@@ -5106,6 +5106,86 @@
             ],
             "time": "2026-07-01T12:47:55+00:00"
         },
+        {
+            "name": "symfony/polyfill-php86",
+            "version": "v1.41.0",
+            "source": {
+                "type": "git",
+                "url": "https://github.com/symfony/polyfill-php86.git",
+                "reference": "6bc356ed3d8dbfeea8f0de235e34d670704e880e"
+            },
+            "dist": {
+                "type": "zip",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/polyfill-php86/zipball/6bc356ed3d8dbfeea8f0de235e34d670704e880e",
+                "reference": "6bc356ed3d8dbfeea8f0de235e34d670704e880e",
+                "shasum": ""
+            },
+            "require": {
+                "php": ">=7.2"
+            },
+            "type": "library",
+            "extra": {
+                "thanks": {
+                    "url": "https://github.com/symfony/polyfill",
+                    "name": "symfony/polyfill"
+                }
+            },
+            "autoload": {
+                "files": [
+                    "bootstrap.php"
+                ],
+                "psr-4": {
+                    "Symfony\\Polyfill\\Php86\\": ""
+                },
+                "classmap": [
+                    "Resources/stubs"
+                ]
+            },
+            "notification-url": "https://packagist.org/downloads/",
+            "license": [
+                "MIT"
+            ],
+            "authors": [
+                {
+                    "name": "Nicolas Grekas",
+                    "email": "p@tchwork.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "Symfony Community",
+                    "homepage": "https://symfony.com/contributors"
+                }
+            ],
+            "description": "Symfony polyfill backporting some PHP 8.6+ features to lower PHP versions",
+            "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
+            "keywords": [
+                "compatibility",
+                "polyfill",
+                "portable",
+                "shim"
+            ],
+            "support": {
+                "source": "https://github.com/symfony/polyfill-php86/tree/v1.41.0"
+            },
+            "funding": [
+                {
+                    "url": "https://symfony.com/sponsor",
+                    "type": "custom"
+                },
+                {
+                    "url": "https://github.com/fabpot",
+                    "type": "github"
+                },
+                {
+                    "url": "https://github.com/nicolas-grekas",
+                    "type": "github"
+                },
+                {
+                    "url": "https://tidelift.com/funding/github/packagist/symfony/symfony",
+                    "type": "tidelift"
+                }
+            ],
+            "time": "2026-07-02T13:42:24+00:00"
+        },
         {
             "name": "symfony/process",
             "version": "v8.1.5",
diff --git a/src/Application/.gitkeep b/src/Application/.gitkeep
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/CreateBrand.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/CreateBrand.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9579557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/CreateBrand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Create;
+
+use Domain\Exceptions\BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException;
+use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
+use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
+use Domain\Ports\Services\PictureStorage;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as BaseInput;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\UseCase;
+use Webmozart\Assert\Assert;
+
+/** @implements UseCase<\Application\UseCases\Brand\Create\Input, \Application\UseCases\Brand\Create\Output> */
+final readonly class CreateBrand implements UseCase
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private BrandRepository $repository,
+        private PictureStorage $pictureStorage,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    #[\Override]
+    public function execute(BaseInput $input): Output
+    {
+        Assert::isInstanceOf($input, Input::class);
+
+        if ($this->repository->existsByCode($input->code)) {
+            throw new BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException($input->code);
+        }
+
+        $logoPath = $this->pictureStorage->store($input->logo);
+
+        $brand = Brand::create(
+            code: $input->code,
+            name: $input->name,
+            logo: $logoPath,
+            rcs: $input->rcs,
+            contact: $input->contact,
+        );
+
+        $this->repository->save($brand);
+
+        return new Output(
+            name: $brand->name,
+            code: $brand->code,
+            logo: $brand->logo,
+            rcs: $brand->rcs,
+            contact: $brand->contact,
+            createdAt: $brand->createdAt(),
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/Input.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/Input.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adc51b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/Input.php
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Create;
+
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as UseCaseInput;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\RawPicture;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+
+final readonly class Input implements UseCaseInput
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public BrandCode $code,
+        public BrandName $name,
+        public RawPicture $logo,
+        public Rcs $rcs,
+        public Email $contact,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/Output.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/Output.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0862b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/Output.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Create;
+
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Output as UseCaseOutput;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+
+final readonly class Output implements UseCaseOutput
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public BrandName $name,
+        public BrandCode $code,
+        public PicturePath $logo,
+        public Rcs $rcs,
+        public Email $contact,
+        public \DateTimeInterface $createdAt,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/FindBrand.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/FindBrand.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90d0ccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/FindBrand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Find;
+
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output\BrandFound;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output\BrandNotFound;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output\Output;
+use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
+use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as BaseInput;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\UseCase;
+use Webmozart\Assert\Assert;
+
+/** @implements UseCase<\Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Input, \Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output\Output> */
+final readonly class FindBrand implements UseCase
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private BrandRepository $repository,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    #[\Override]
+    public function execute(BaseInput $input): Output
+    {
+        Assert::isInstanceOf($input, Input::class);
+
+        $brand = $this->repository->findByCode($input->code);
+
+        if (! $brand instanceof Brand) {
+            return new BrandNotFound();
+        }
+
+        return new BrandFound(
+            name: $brand->name,
+            code: $brand->code,
+            logo: $brand->logo,
+            rcs: $brand->rcs,
+            contact: $brand->contact,
+            createdAt: $brand->createdAt(),
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Input.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Input.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc98e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Input.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Find;
+
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as UseCaseInput;
+
+final readonly class Input implements UseCaseInput
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public BrandCode $code,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Output/BrandFound.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Output/BrandFound.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3057328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Output/BrandFound.php
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output;
+
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+
+final readonly class BrandFound implements Output
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public BrandName $name,
+        public BrandCode $code,
+        public PicturePath $logo,
+        public Rcs $rcs,
+        public Email $contact,
+        public \DateTimeInterface $createdAt,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Output/BrandNotFound.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Output/BrandNotFound.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1d355b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Output/BrandNotFound.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output;
+
+final readonly class BrandNotFound implements Output
+{
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Output/Output.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Output/Output.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99d51e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/Output/Output.php
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output;
+
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Output as UseCaseOutput;
+
+interface Output extends UseCaseOutput
+{
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/BrandListItem.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/BrandListItem.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9b2e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/BrandListItem.php
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\List;
+
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+
+final readonly class BrandListItem
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public BrandCode $code,
+        public BrandName $name,
+        public PicturePath $logo,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/Input.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/Input.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e782a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/Input.php
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\List;
+
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as UseCaseInput;
+use Shared\Helpers\Pagination;
+
+final readonly class Input implements UseCaseInput
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public Pagination $pagination,
+        public ?SortCriteria $sort = null,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/ListBrands.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/ListBrands.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1783380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/ListBrands.php
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\List;
+
+use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
+use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as BaseInput;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\UseCase;
+use Shared\Helpers\Paginated;
+use Webmozart\Assert\Assert;
+
+/** @implements UseCase<\Application\UseCases\Brand\List\Input, \Application\UseCases\Brand\List\Output> */
+final readonly class ListBrands implements UseCase
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private BrandRepository $repository,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    #[\Override]
+    public function execute(BaseInput $input): Output
+    {
+        Assert::isInstanceOf($input, Input::class);
+
+        $result = $this->repository->findAll(
+            pagination: $input->pagination,
+            sortField: $input->sort?->field,
+            sortDirection: $input->sort?->direction,
+        );
+
+        $items = array_map(
+            static fn (Brand $brand): BrandListItem => new BrandListItem(
+                code: $brand->code,
+                name: $brand->name,
+                logo: $brand->logo,
+            ),
+            $result->getItems(),
+        );
+
+        return new Output(
+            brands: new Paginated(
+                pagination: $result->getPagination(),
+                items: $items,
+                total: $result->getTotal(),
+            ),
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/Output.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/Output.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b3873e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/Output.php
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\List;
+
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Output as UseCaseOutput;
+use Shared\Helpers\Paginated;
+
+final readonly class Output implements UseCaseOutput
+{
+    /** @param Paginated<BrandListItem> $brands */
+    public function __construct(
+        public Paginated $brands,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/SortCriteria.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/SortCriteria.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6724b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/SortCriteria.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\List;
+
+use Domain\Enums\Brand\SortField;
+
+final readonly class SortCriteria
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public SortField $field = SortField::Name,
+        public \SortDirection $direction = \SortDirection::Ascending,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/Input.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/Input.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45f86fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/Input.php
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Update;
+
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as UseCaseInput;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+use Webmozart\Assert\Assert;
+
+final readonly class Input implements UseCaseInput
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public BrandCode $code,
+        public ?PicturePath $logo = null,
+        public ?Rcs $rcs = null,
+        public ?Email $contact = null,
+    ) {
+        Assert::true(
+            $this->logo instanceof PicturePath
+            || $this->rcs instanceof Rcs
+            || $this->contact instanceof Email,
+            'At least one field must be provided to update the brand.',
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/Output.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/Output.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31d4459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/Output.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Update;
+
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Output as UseCaseOutput;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+
+final readonly class Output implements UseCaseOutput
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public BrandName $name,
+        public BrandCode $code,
+        public PicturePath $logo,
+        public Rcs $rcs,
+        public Email $contact,
+        public \DateTimeInterface $createdAt,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/UpdateBrand.php b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/UpdateBrand.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2097dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/UpdateBrand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Application\UseCases\Brand\Update;
+
+use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
+use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
+use Shared\DDD\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as BaseInput;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\UseCase;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+use Webmozart\Assert\Assert;
+
+/** @implements UseCase<\Application\UseCases\Brand\Update\Input, \Application\UseCases\Brand\Update\Output> */
+final readonly class UpdateBrand implements UseCase
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private BrandRepository $repository,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    #[\Override]
+    public function execute(BaseInput $input): Output
+    {
+        Assert::isInstanceOf($input, Input::class);
+
+        $brand = $this->repository->findByCode($input->code);
+
+        if (! $brand instanceof Brand) {
+            throw new NotFoundException();
+        }
+
+        if ($input->logo instanceof PicturePath) {
+            $brand = $brand->changeLogo($input->logo);
+        }
+
+        if ($input->rcs instanceof Rcs) {
+            $brand = $brand->changeRcs($input->rcs);
+        }
+
+        if ($input->contact instanceof Email) {
+            $brand = $brand->changeContact($input->contact);
+        }
+
+        $this->repository->save($brand);
+
+        return new Output(
+            name: $brand->name,
+            code: $brand->code,
+            logo: $brand->logo,
+            rcs: $brand->rcs,
+            contact: $brand->contact,
+            createdAt: $brand->createdAt(),
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Domain/Enums/Brand/SortDirection.php b/src/Domain/Enums/Brand/SortDirection.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 30c1fa1..0000000
--- a/src/Domain/Enums/Brand/SortDirection.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Domain\Enums\Brand;
-
-enum SortDirection: string
-{
-    case ASC  = 'asc';
-    case DESC = 'desc';
-}
diff --git a/src/Domain/Enums/Brand/SortField.php b/src/Domain/Enums/Brand/SortField.php
index 942182f..f995731 100644
--- a/src/Domain/Enums/Brand/SortField.php
+++ b/src/Domain/Enums/Brand/SortField.php
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ namespace Domain\Enums\Brand;
 
 enum SortField: string
 {
-    case CREATED_AT = 'created_at';
-    case NAME       = 'name';
+    case CreatedAt = 'created_at';
+    case Name      = 'name';
 }
diff --git a/src/Domain/Exceptions/BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException.php b/src/Domain/Exceptions/BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException.php
index aa334b1..776b492 100644
--- a/src/Domain/Exceptions/BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException.php
+++ b/src/Domain/Exceptions/BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException.php
@@ -5,15 +5,14 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace Domain\Exceptions;
 
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
-use DomainException;
 
-final class BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException extends DomainException
+final class BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException extends \DomainException
 {
     /**
      * @param BrandCode $code Unique identification code.
      */
     public function __construct(BrandCode $code)
     {
-        parent::__construct(sprintf('Brand code "%s" already exists.', $code->value()));
+        parent::__construct(sprintf('Brand code "%s" already exists.', $code->value));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Domain/Exceptions/BrandNotFoundException.php b/src/Domain/Exceptions/BrandNotFoundException.php
deleted file mode 100644
index be1f8bb..0000000
--- a/src/Domain/Exceptions/BrandNotFoundException.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Domain\Exceptions;
-
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
-use DomainException;
-
-final class BrandNotFoundException extends DomainException
-{
-    /**
-     * Create the exception for a lookup by identifier.
-     *
-     * @param BrandId $id Identifier that was not found.
-     */
-    public static function fromId(BrandId $id): self
-    {
-        return new self(sprintf('Brand with id "%s" was not found.', (string) $id));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create the exception for a lookup by code.
-     *
-     * @param BrandCode $code Code that was not found.
-     */
-    public static function fromCode(BrandCode $code): self
-    {
-        return new self(sprintf('Brand with code "%s" was not found.', $code->value()));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Domain/Models/Entities/Brand.php b/src/Domain/Models/Entities/Brand.php
index 0d884e6..a942a80 100644
--- a/src/Domain/Models/Entities/Brand.php
+++ b/src/Domain/Models/Entities/Brand.php
@@ -4,41 +4,40 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Domain\Models\Entities;
 
-use DateTimeInterface;
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Shared\DDD\Models\AggregateRoot;
+use Shared\DDD\Models\HasTimestampIdentifier;
 use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
 use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
-use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\RCS;
-use Shared\DDD\Entity;
-use Shared\DDD\Equatable;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
 
 /**
- * @implements \Shared\DDD\Entity<\Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId>
+ * @implements \Shared\DDD\Models\AggregateRoot<\Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId>
  */
-final readonly class Brand implements Entity, Equatable
+final readonly class Brand implements AggregateRoot, HasTimestampIdentifier
 {
     /**
      * @param BrandId     $id      Universally unique identifier.
      * @param BrandCode   $code    Unique identification code.
      * @param BrandName   $name    Name of the brand.
      * @param PicturePath $logo    Logo of the brand.
-     * @param RCS         $rcs     RCS text of the brand.
+     * @param Rcs         $rcs     Rcs text of the brand.
      * @param Email       $contact Contact email of the brand.
      */
-    public function __construct(
-        private BrandId $id,
-        private BrandCode $code,
-        private BrandName $name,
-        private PicturePath $logo,
-        private RCS $rcs,
-        private Email $contact,
+    private function __construct(
+        public BrandId $id,
+        public BrandCode $code,
+        public BrandName $name,
+        public PicturePath $logo,
+        public Rcs $rcs,
+        public Email $contact,
     ) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value object id of the brand.
+     * Get the value id of the brand.
      */
     public function id(): BrandId
     {
@@ -46,51 +45,65 @@ final readonly class Brand implements Entity, Equatable
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value object created_at of the brand.
+     * Get the value object createdAt of the brand.
      */
-    public function createdAt(): DateTimeInterface
+    public function createdAt(): \DateTimeInterface
     {
         return $this->id->toDateTime();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value object code of the brand.
+     * Create a new brand.
+     *
+     * @param BrandCode   $code    Unique identification code.
+     * @param BrandName   $name    Name of the brand.
+     * @param PicturePath $logo    Logo of the brand.
+     * @param Rcs         $rcs     Rcs text of the brand.
+     * @param Email       $contact Contact email of the brand.
      */
-    public function code(): BrandCode
-    {
-        return $this->code;
+    public static function create(
+        BrandCode $code,
+        BrandName $name,
+        PicturePath $logo,
+        Rcs $rcs,
+        Email $contact,
+    ): Brand {
+        return new self(
+            id: BrandId::generate(),
+            code: $code,
+            name: $name,
+            logo: $logo,
+            rcs: $rcs,
+            contact: $contact,
+        );
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the name of the brand.
+     * Create a new brand.
+     *
+     * @param BrandId     $id      Universally unique identifier.
+     * @param BrandCode   $code    Unique identification code.
+     * @param BrandName   $name    Name of the brand.
+     * @param PicturePath $logo    Logo of the brand.
+     * @param Rcs         $rcs     Rcs text of the brand.
+     * @param Email       $contact Contact email of the brand.
      */
-    public function name(): BrandName
-    {
-        return $this->name;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the logo of the brand.
-     */
-    public function logo(): PicturePath
-    {
-        return $this->logo;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the RCS of the brand.
-     */
-    public function rcs(): RCS
-    {
-        return $this->rcs;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the contact of the brand.
-     */
-    public function contact(): Email
-    {
-        return $this->contact;
+    public static function hydrate(
+        BrandId $id,
+        BrandCode $code,
+        BrandName $name,
+        PicturePath $logo,
+        Rcs $rcs,
+        Email $contact,
+    ): self {
+        return new self(
+            id: $id,
+            code: $code,
+            name: $name,
+            logo: $logo,
+            rcs: $rcs,
+            contact: $contact,
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -100,17 +113,31 @@ final readonly class Brand implements Entity, Equatable
      */
     public function changeLogo(PicturePath $logo): self
     {
-        return new self($this->id, $this->code, $this->name, $logo, $this->rcs, $this->contact);
+        return new self(
+            id: $this->id,
+            code: $this->code,
+            name: $this->name,
+            logo: $logo,
+            rcs: $this->rcs,
+            contact: $this->contact,
+        );
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the RCS of the brand.
+     * Set the Rcs of the brand.
      *
-     * @param RCS $rcs RCS text in the brand to set.
+     * @param Rcs $rcs Rcs text in the brand to set.
      */
-    public function changeRcs(RCS $rcs): self
+    public function changeRcs(Rcs $rcs): self
     {
-        return new self($this->id, $this->code, $this->name, $this->logo, $rcs, $this->contact);
+        return new self(
+            id: $this->id,
+            code: $this->code,
+            name: $this->name,
+            logo: $this->logo,
+            rcs: $rcs,
+            contact: $this->contact,
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -120,20 +147,13 @@ final readonly class Brand implements Entity, Equatable
      */
     public function changeContact(Email $contact): self
     {
-        return new self($this->id, $this->code, $this->name, $this->logo, $this->rcs, $contact);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compare the universally unique identifier of the brand.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $other Brand code to compare with.
-     */
-    public function equals(mixed $other): bool
-    {
-        if (! $other instanceof self) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return $this->id->equals($other->id);
+        return new self(
+            id: $this->id,
+            code: $this->code,
+            name: $this->name,
+            logo: $this->logo,
+            rcs: $this->rcs,
+            contact: $contact,
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandCode.php b/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandCode.php
index 7a148be..125e345 100644
--- a/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandCode.php
+++ b/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandCode.php
@@ -4,48 +4,26 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand;
 
-use DomainException;
-use Shared\DDD\Equatable;
-
-final readonly class BrandCode implements Equatable
+final readonly class BrandCode
 {
+    private const string REGEX = '/^[A-Z]{3}\d{2}$/';
+
     /**
      * @param string $value Unique identification code.
      */
     public function __construct(
-        private string $value,
+        public string $value,
     ) {
-        if (! preg_match('/^[A-Z]{3}\d{2}$/', $value)) {
-            throw new DomainException(
-                "Invalid code '{$value}' does not match pattern /^[A-Z]{3}\d{2}$/"
+        if (! preg_match(self::REGEX, $value)) {
+            throw new \DomainException(
+                "Invalid code '{$value}' does not match pattern " . self::REGEX,
             );
         }
+
         if ($value[3] === $value[4]) {
-            throw new DomainException(
-                "Invalid code '{$value}' has the same digit repeated"
+            throw new \DomainException(
+                "Invalid code '{$value}' has the same digit repeated",
             );
         }
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the value of the unique identification code.
-     */
-    public function value(): string
-    {
-        return $this->value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compare the unique identification code of the brand.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $other Unique identification code to compare with.
-     */
-    public function equals(mixed $other): bool
-    {
-        if (! $other instanceof self) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return $this->value === $other->value;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandId.php b/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandId.php
index c0fb89e..fc53679 100644
--- a/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandId.php
+++ b/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandId.php
@@ -4,12 +4,9 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand;
 
-use DateTimeInterface;
-use DomainException;
-use InvalidArgumentException;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\UuidInterface;
-use Shared\DDD\EntityId;
+use Shared\DDD\Models\EntityId;
 use Shared\Helpers\UuidHelper;
 
 final readonly class BrandId extends EntityId
@@ -18,14 +15,14 @@ final readonly class BrandId extends EntityId
      * @param UuidInterface $identifier Universally unique identifier.
      */
     public function __construct(
-        private UuidInterface $identifier
+        public UuidInterface $identifier
     ) {
         parent::__construct($identifier->toString());
 
         try {
             UuidHelper::validateUuid($identifier);
-        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
-            throw new DomainException(
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            throw new \DomainException(
                 "Invalid value '{$identifier->toString()}' is not a valid UUID",
                 0,
                 $e
@@ -33,8 +30,8 @@ final readonly class BrandId extends EntityId
         }
 
         if (! UuidHelper::isV7($identifier)) {
-            throw new DomainException(
-                "Invalid value '{$identifier}' is not a valid V7 UUID"
+            throw new \DomainException(
+                "Invalid value '{$identifier}' is not a valid V7 UUID",
             );
         }
     }
@@ -42,7 +39,7 @@ final readonly class BrandId extends EntityId
     /**
      * Get the date time from the universally unique identifier.
      */
-    public function toDateTime(): DateTimeInterface
+    public function toDateTime(): \DateTimeInterface
     {
         return UuidHelper::toDateTime($this->identifier);
     }
diff --git a/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandName.php b/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandName.php
index 9210e29..b15371a 100644
--- a/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandName.php
+++ b/src/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandName.php
@@ -4,46 +4,22 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand;
 
-use DomainException;
-use Shared\DDD\Equatable;
-
-final readonly class BrandName implements Equatable
+final readonly class BrandName
 {
     /**
      * @param string $value Name.
      */
     public function __construct(
-        private string $value,
+        public string $value,
     ) {
         $trimmed = trim($value);
 
         if ($trimmed === '') {
-            throw new DomainException('Brand name cannot be empty.');
-        }
-        if (mb_strlen($trimmed) > 2048) {
-            throw new DomainException('Brand name exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the value of the name.
-     */
-    public function value(): string
-    {
-        return $this->value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compare the name of the brand.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $other Unique identification name to compare with.
-     */
-    public function equals(mixed $other): bool
-    {
-        if (! $other instanceof self) {
-            return false;
+            throw new \DomainException('Brand name cannot be empty.');
         }
 
-        return $this->value === $other->value;
+        if (mb_strlen($trimmed) > 200) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Brand name exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Domain/Ports/Repositories/BrandRepository.php b/src/Domain/Ports/Repositories/BrandRepository.php
index 6945385..c58882c 100644
--- a/src/Domain/Ports/Repositories/BrandRepository.php
+++ b/src/Domain/Ports/Repositories/BrandRepository.php
@@ -4,15 +4,16 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Domain\Ports\Repositories;
 
-use Domain\Enums\Brand\SortDirection;
 use Domain\Enums\Brand\SortField;
 use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
-use Shared\DDD\Repository;
+use Shared\DDD\Ports\Repository;
 use Shared\Helpers\Paginated;
 use Shared\Helpers\Pagination;
 
+/**
+ * @extends \Shared\DDD\Ports\Repository<\Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId, \Domain\Models\Entities\Brand>
+ */
 interface BrandRepository extends Repository
 {
     /**
@@ -22,13 +23,6 @@ interface BrandRepository extends Repository
      */
     public function existsByCode(BrandCode $code): bool;
 
-    /**
-     * Find a brand from his universally unique identifier.
-     *
-     * @param BrandId $id Universally unique identifier.
-     */
-    public function findById(BrandId $id): ?Brand;
-
     /**
      * Find a brand from his universally unique identifier.
      *
@@ -39,15 +33,15 @@ interface BrandRepository extends Repository
     /**
      * Get all brands sorted and paginated.
      *
-     * @param Pagination    $pagination    Pagination range to retrieve.
-     * @param SortField     $sortField     Target field to sort the list.
-     * @param SortDirection $sortDirection Target direction to sort the list.
+     * @param Pagination          $pagination    Pagination range to retrieve.
+     * @param SortField|null      $sortField     Target field to sort the list.
+     * @param \SortDirection|null $sortDirection Target direction to sort the list.
      * @return Paginated<Brand>
      */
     public function findAll(
         Pagination $pagination,
-        SortField $sortField = SortField::NAME,
-        SortDirection $sortDirection = SortDirection::ASC,
+        ?SortField $sortField = null,
+        ?\SortDirection $sortDirection = null,
     ): Paginated;
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Domain/Ports/Services/PictureStorage.php b/src/Domain/Ports/Services/PictureStorage.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8df10b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Domain/Ports/Services/PictureStorage.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Domain\Ports\Services;
+
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\RawPicture;
+
+interface PictureStorage
+{
+    /**
+     * Persists the raw picture content and returns the resulting path.
+     */
+    public function store(RawPicture $picture): PicturePath;
+}
diff --git a/src/Domain/Services/BrandService.php b/src/Domain/Services/BrandService.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 36f5f36..0000000
--- a/src/Domain/Services/BrandService.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Domain\Services;
-
-use Domain\Enums\Brand\SortDirection;
-use Domain\Enums\Brand\SortField;
-use Domain\Exceptions\BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException;
-use Domain\Exceptions\BrandNotFoundException;
-use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
-use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
-use Shared\Helpers\Paginated;
-use Shared\Helpers\Pagination;
-use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
-use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
-use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\RCS;
-
-final readonly class BrandService
-{
-    /**
-     * @param BrandRepository $repository Repository of the brand domain.
-     */
-    public function __construct(
-        private BrandRepository $repository,
-    ) {
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create a brand with checking existing code.
-     *
-     * @param BrandCode   $code    Unique identification code.
-     * @param BrandName   $name    Name of the brand.
-     * @param PicturePath $logo    Logo of the brand.
-     * @param RCS         $rcs     RCS text of the brand.
-     * @param Email       $contact Contact email of the brand.
-     */
-    public function create(
-        BrandCode $code,
-        BrandName $name,
-        PicturePath $logo,
-        RCS $rcs,
-        Email $contact,
-    ): Brand {
-        if ($this->repository->existsByCode($code)) {
-            throw new BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException($code);
-        }
-
-        $brand = new Brand(BrandId::generate(), $code, $name, $logo, $rcs, $contact);
-
-        $this->repository->save($brand);
-
-        return $brand;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get a brand by its identifier.
-     *
-     * @param BrandId $id Identifier of the brand to retrieve.
-     */
-    public function getById(BrandId $id): Brand
-    {
-        $brand = $this->repository->findById($id);
-
-        if (! $brand instanceof Brand) {
-            throw BrandNotFoundException::fromId($id);
-        }
-
-        return $brand;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get a brand by its unique code.
-     *
-     * @param BrandCode $code Unique code of the brand to retrieve.
-     */
-    public function getByCode(BrandCode $code): Brand
-    {
-        $brand = $this->repository->findByCode($code);
-
-        if (! $brand instanceof Brand) {
-            throw BrandNotFoundException::fromCode($code);
-        }
-
-        return $brand;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @return Paginated<Brand>
-     */
-    public function getAll(
-        Pagination $pagination,
-        SortField $sortField = SortField::NAME,
-        SortDirection $sortDirection = SortDirection::ASC,
-    ): Paginated {
-        return $this->repository->findAll(
-            $pagination,
-            $sortField,
-            $sortDirection,
-        );
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Update the logo of a brand.
-     *
-     * @param BrandId     $id      Identifier of the brand to update.
-     * @param PicturePath $newLogo New logo to set.
-     */
-    public function updateLogo(BrandId $id, PicturePath $newLogo): Brand
-    {
-        $updated = $this->getById($id)->changeLogo($newLogo);
-
-        $this->repository->save($updated);
-
-        return $updated;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Update the RCS text of a brand.
-     *
-     * @param BrandId $id     Identifier of the brand to update.
-     * @param RCS     $newRcs New RCS text to set.
-     */
-    public function updateRcs(BrandId $id, RCS $newRcs): Brand
-    {
-        $updated = $this->getById($id)->changeRcs($newRcs);
-
-        $this->repository->save($updated);
-
-        return $updated;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Update the contact email of a brand.
-     *
-     * @param BrandId $id         Identifier of the brand to update.
-     * @param Email   $newContact New contact email to set.
-     */
-    public function updateContact(BrandId $id, Email $newContact): Brand
-    {
-        $updated = $this->getById($id)->changeContact($newContact);
-
-        $this->repository->save($updated);
-
-        return $updated;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/Exceptions/InvalidUuidException.php b/src/Shared/DDD/Exceptions/InvalidUuidException.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e39d348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/Exceptions/InvalidUuidException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Shared\DDD\Exceptions;
+
+final class InvalidUuidException extends \InvalidArgumentException
+{
+    public function __construct(string $uuid)
+    {
+        parent::__construct("Invalid UUID: {$uuid}");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/Exceptions/NotFoundException.php b/src/Shared/DDD/Exceptions/NotFoundException.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2ef656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/Exceptions/NotFoundException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Shared\DDD\Exceptions;
+
+class NotFoundException extends \DomainException
+{
+}
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/AggregateRoot.php b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/AggregateRoot.php
similarity index 82%
rename from src/Shared/DDD/AggregateRoot.php
rename to src/Shared/DDD/Models/AggregateRoot.php
index eb468f8..d56852f 100644
--- a/src/Shared/DDD/AggregateRoot.php
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/AggregateRoot.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
-namespace Shared\DDD;
+namespace Shared\DDD\Models;
 
 /**
  * @template T of EntityId
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/Entity.php b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/Entity.php
similarity index 83%
rename from src/Shared/DDD/Entity.php
rename to src/Shared/DDD/Models/Entity.php
index d877c5d..dc3f280 100644
--- a/src/Shared/DDD/Entity.php
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/Entity.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
-namespace Shared\DDD;
+namespace Shared\DDD\Models;
 
 /**
  * @template T of EntityId
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/EntityId.php b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/EntityId.php
similarity index 67%
rename from src/Shared/DDD/EntityId.php
rename to src/Shared/DDD/Models/EntityId.php
index bb55923..b776f46 100644
--- a/src/Shared/DDD/EntityId.php
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/EntityId.php
@@ -2,18 +2,15 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
-namespace Shared\DDD;
+namespace Shared\DDD\Models;
 
-use DomainException;
-use Stringable;
-
-abstract readonly class EntityId implements Stringable, Equatable
+abstract readonly class EntityId implements \Stringable, Equatable
 {
     public function __construct(
         public string $value
     ) {
         if (trim($value) === '') {
-            throw new DomainException('EntityId value cannot be empty');
+            throw new \DomainException('EntityId value cannot be empty');
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/Equatable.php b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/Equatable.php
similarity index 78%
rename from src/Shared/DDD/Equatable.php
rename to src/Shared/DDD/Models/Equatable.php
index 11eaef5..dead2b4 100644
--- a/src/Shared/DDD/Equatable.php
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/Equatable.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
-namespace Shared\DDD;
+namespace Shared\DDD\Models;
 
 interface Equatable
 {
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/Models/HasTimestampIdentifier.php b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/HasTimestampIdentifier.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f03bf1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/Models/HasTimestampIdentifier.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Shared\DDD\Models;
+
+interface HasTimestampIdentifier
+{
+    public function createdAt(): \DateTimeInterface;
+}
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/Ports/Repository.php b/src/Shared/DDD/Ports/Repository.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08bc19a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/Ports/Repository.php
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Shared\DDD\Ports;
+
+/**
+ * @template TId of \Shared\DDD\Models\EntityId
+ * @template TAggregate of \Shared\DDD\Models\AggregateRoot
+ */
+interface Repository
+{
+}
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/Repository.php b/src/Shared/DDD/Repository.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 16c007e..0000000
--- a/src/Shared/DDD/Repository.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Shared\DDD;
-
-/**
- */
-interface Repository
-{
-}
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/UseCases/Input.php b/src/Shared/DDD/UseCases/Input.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2355636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/UseCases/Input.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Shared\DDD\UseCases;
+
+interface Input
+{
+}
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/UseCases/Output.php b/src/Shared/DDD/UseCases/Output.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03f30e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/UseCases/Output.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Shared\DDD\UseCases;
+
+interface Output
+{
+}
diff --git a/src/Shared/DDD/UseCases/UseCase.php b/src/Shared/DDD/UseCases/UseCase.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb0dc4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/DDD/UseCases/UseCase.php
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Shared\DDD\UseCases;
+
+/**
+ * @template TInput of Input
+ * @template TOutput of Output
+ */
+interface UseCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @param  TInput  $input
+     * @return TOutput
+     */
+    public function execute(Input $input): Output;
+}
diff --git a/src/Shared/Exceptions/InvalidUuidException.php b/src/Shared/Exceptions/InvalidUuidException.php
deleted file mode 100644
index b18cf30..0000000
--- a/src/Shared/Exceptions/InvalidUuidException.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Shared\Exceptions;
-
-use InvalidArgumentException;
-
-final class InvalidUuidException extends InvalidArgumentException
-{
-    public static function forValue(string $uuid): self
-    {
-        return new self("Invalid UUID: {$uuid}");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Shared/Helpers/Pagination.php b/src/Shared/Helpers/Pagination.php
index 5c3826f..4e0468c 100644
--- a/src/Shared/Helpers/Pagination.php
+++ b/src/Shared/Helpers/Pagination.php
@@ -4,12 +4,10 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Shared\Helpers;
 
-use Stringable;
-
 /**
  * Immutable value object representing a pagination range.
  */
-final readonly class Pagination implements Stringable
+final readonly class Pagination implements \Stringable
 {
     public const int MAX_PAGE_SIZE = 10000;
 
@@ -19,6 +17,18 @@ final readonly class Pagination implements Stringable
     ) {
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the string representation of the pagination range.
+     */
+    public function __toString(): string
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            'Pagination{from=%d, to=%d}',
+            $this->from,
+            $this->to,
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the from value of the pagination.
      */
@@ -109,16 +119,4 @@ final readonly class Pagination implements Stringable
     {
         return self::ofPage(1, $pageSize);
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the string representation of the pagination range.
-     */
-    public function __toString(): string
-    {
-        return sprintf(
-            'Pagination{from=%d, to=%d}',
-            $this->from,
-            $this->to,
-        );
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Shared/Helpers/UuidHelper.php b/src/Shared/Helpers/UuidHelper.php
index 6d44061..a527f28 100644
--- a/src/Shared/Helpers/UuidHelper.php
+++ b/src/Shared/Helpers/UuidHelper.php
@@ -4,12 +4,10 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Shared\Helpers;
 
-use DateTimeImmutable;
-use DateTimeZone;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Rfc4122\FieldsInterface;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\UuidInterface;
-use Shared\Exceptions\InvalidUuidException;
+use Shared\DDD\Exceptions\InvalidUuidException;
 
 final readonly class UuidHelper
 {
@@ -51,14 +49,14 @@ final readonly class UuidHelper
     public static function validateUuid(UuidInterface $uuid): void
     {
         if (! Uuid::isValid($uuid->toString())) {
-            throw InvalidUuidException::forValue($uuid->toString());
+            throw new InvalidUuidException($uuid->toString());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Get date time from uuid.
      */
-    public static function toDateTime(UuidInterface $uuid): DateTimeImmutable
+    public static function toDateTime(UuidInterface $uuid): \DateTimeImmutable
     {
         if (! self::isV7($uuid)) {
             throw new InvalidUuidException("Cannot extract datetime from non-V7 UUID: {$uuid->toString()}");
@@ -77,12 +75,12 @@ final readonly class UuidHelper
         $sec    = intdiv($timeMs, 1000);
         $ms     = $timeMs % 1000;
 
-        $dateTime = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('U.u', sprintf('%d.%06d', $sec, $ms * 1000));
+        $dateTime = \DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('U.u', sprintf('%d.%06d', $sec, $ms * 1000));
 
         if ($dateTime === false) {
             throw new InvalidUuidException("Failed to extract datetime from UUID: {$uuid->toString()}");
         }
 
-        return $dateTime->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
+        return $dateTime->setTimezone(new \DateTimeZone('UTC'));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/Email.php b/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/Email.php
index 358ee35..c3bdde0 100644
--- a/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/Email.php
+++ b/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/Email.php
@@ -4,19 +4,16 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
 
-use DomainException;
-use Shared\DDD\Equatable;
-
 /**
  * Represents a valid email.
  */
-final readonly class Email implements Equatable
+final readonly class Email
 {
-    private string $value;
+    public string $value;
 
     /**
      * @param string $value A valid email address.
-     * @throws DomainException
+     * @throws \DomainException
      */
     public function __construct(
         string $value,
@@ -24,37 +21,17 @@ final readonly class Email implements Equatable
         $trimmed = trim($value);
 
         if ($trimmed === '') {
-            throw new DomainException('Email cannot be empty.');
+            throw new \DomainException('Email cannot be empty.');
         }
-        if (mb_strlen($trimmed) > 2048) {
-            throw new DomainException('Email exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
+
+        if (mb_strlen($trimmed) > 200) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Email exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
         }
+
         if (filter_var($trimmed, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) === false) {
-            throw new DomainException(sprintf('"%s" is not a valid email.', $value));
+            throw new \DomainException(sprintf('"%s" is not a valid email.', $value));
         }
 
         $this->value = mb_strtolower($trimmed, 'UTF-8');
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the email address value.
-     */
-    public function value(): string
-    {
-        return $this->value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compare two email addresses for equality.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $other Email to compare with.
-     */
-    public function equals(mixed $other): bool
-    {
-        if (! $other instanceof self) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return $this->value === $other->value;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/PicturePath.php b/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/PicturePath.php
index 173eca8..1a31cf7 100644
--- a/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/PicturePath.php
+++ b/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/PicturePath.php
@@ -4,56 +4,53 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
 
-use DomainException;
-use Shared\DDD\Equatable;
-
 /**
- * Represents the path to an image file.
+ * Represents the path to an already stored image file.
  */
-final readonly class PicturePath implements Equatable
+final readonly class PicturePath
 {
     public const array ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = ['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'webp'];
 
+    private const string REGEX = '#^(?:[a-zA-Z]:[\\\\/]|[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.\-]*://)#';
+
     /**
      * @param string $value path of picture
-     * @throws DomainException
+     * @throws \DomainException
      */
     public function __construct(
-        private string $value,
+        public string $value,
     ) {
         $trimmed = trim($this->value);
 
         if ($trimmed === '') {
-            throw new DomainException('Picture Path cannot be empty.');
+            throw new \DomainException('Picture Path cannot be empty.');
         }
-        if (mb_strlen($trimmed) > 2048) {
-            throw new DomainException('Picture Path exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
+
+        if (mb_strlen($trimmed) > 200) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Picture Path exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
         }
+
+        if (str_contains($trimmed, "\0")) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Picture Path contains invalid null byte.');
+        }
+
+        if (str_starts_with($trimmed, '//')) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Picture Path must not start with "//".');
+        }
+
+        if (preg_match(self::REGEX, $trimmed)) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Picture Path must not be an absolute drive path or a URI.');
+        }
+
+        $normalized = str_replace('\\', '/', $trimmed);
+        $segments   = explode('/', $normalized);
+        if (in_array('..', $segments, true)) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Picture Path must not contain relative traversal segments ("..").');
+        }
+
         $extension = strtolower(pathinfo($trimmed, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
         if (! in_array($extension, self::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS, true)) {
-            throw new DomainException('Picture Path must end with one of: ' . implode(', ', self::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS));
+            throw new \DomainException('Picture Path must end with one of: ' . implode(', ', self::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS));
         }
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the path name value.
-     */
-    public function value(): string
-    {
-        return $this->value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compare two path addresses for equality.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $other Picture path to compare with.
-     */
-    public function equals(mixed $other): bool
-    {
-        if (! $other instanceof self) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return $this->value === $other->value;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RCS.php b/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RCS.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 28df707..0000000
--- a/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RCS.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
-
-use DomainException;
-use Shared\DDD\Equatable;
-
-/**
- * Represents a valid RCS.
- */
-final readonly class RCS implements Equatable
-{
-    /**
-     * @param string $value A valid RCS.
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    public function __construct(
-        private string $value,
-    ) {
-        $trimmed = trim($this->value);
-
-        if ($trimmed === '') {
-            throw new DomainException('RCS text cannot be empty.');
-        }
-        if (mb_strlen($trimmed) > 2048) {
-            throw new DomainException('RCS text exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
-        }
-        if (! preg_match('/^RCS\s+[A-ZÀ-ÖØ-Ý][A-ZÀ-ÖØ-Ý\s-]*\s+\d{3}\s\d{3}\s\d{3}$/u', $trimmed)) {
-            throw new DomainException('RCS is not a valid RCS text.');
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the RCS value.
-     */
-    public function value(): string
-    {
-        return $this->value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compare two RCS for equality.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $other Email to compare with.
-     */
-    public function equals(mixed $other): bool
-    {
-        if (! $other instanceof self) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return $this->value === $other->value;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RawPicture.php b/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RawPicture.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..923464b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RawPicture.php
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
+
+/**
+ * Represents raw, not a stored picture.
+ */
+final readonly class RawPicture
+{
+    public const array ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = PicturePath::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS;
+
+    public const int MAX_SIZE_IN_BYTES = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    /**
+     * @param string $content      Binary content of the picture
+     * @param string $originalName Original filename, used to infer the extension
+     * @throws \DomainException
+     */
+    public function __construct(
+        public string $content,
+        public string $originalName,
+    ) {
+        if ($this->content === '') {
+            throw new \DomainException('Raw picture content cannot be empty.');
+        }
+
+        if (strlen($this->content) > self::MAX_SIZE_IN_BYTES) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Raw picture exceeds the maximum allowed size.');
+        }
+
+        $trimmedName = trim($this->originalName);
+
+        if ($trimmedName === '') {
+            throw new \DomainException('Raw picture original name cannot be empty.');
+        }
+
+        $extension = strtolower(pathinfo($trimmedName, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
+        if (! in_array($extension, self::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS, true)) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Raw picture must have one of these extensions: ' . implode(', ', self::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/Rcs.php b/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/Rcs.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f5604f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/Rcs.php
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a valid Rcs.
+ * See: https://entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr/vosdroits/F31190.
+ */
+final readonly class Rcs
+{
+    private const string REGEX = '/^RCS\s+[A-ZÀ-ÖØ-Ý][A-ZÀ-ÖØ-Ý\s-]*\s+\d{3}\s\d{3}\s\d{3}$/u';
+
+    /**
+     * @param string $value A valid Rcs.
+     * @throws \DomainException
+     */
+    public function __construct(
+        public string $value,
+    ) {
+        $trimmed = trim($this->value);
+
+        if ($trimmed === '') {
+            throw new \DomainException('Rcs text cannot be empty.');
+        }
+
+        if (! preg_match(self::REGEX, $trimmed)) {
+            throw new \DomainException('Rcs is not a valid Rcs text.');
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Architecture/DomainTest.php b/tests/Architecture/DomainTest.php
index 2a2c44a..3172a19 100644
--- a/tests/Architecture/DomainTest.php
+++ b/tests/Architecture/DomainTest.php
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
-use Shared\DDD\Entity;
-use Shared\DDD\Repository;
+use Shared\DDD\Models\Entity;
+use Shared\DDD\Ports\Repository;
 
 describe('domain coding rules', function (): void {
     arch('entities implements Entity')
diff --git a/tests/Architecture/SharedTest.php b/tests/Architecture/SharedTest.php
index 978650a..9108b5c 100644
--- a/tests/Architecture/SharedTest.php
+++ b/tests/Architecture/SharedTest.php
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
-use Shared\DDD\Entity;
-use Shared\DDD\Repository;
+use Shared\DDD\Models\Entity;
+use Shared\DDD\Ports\Repository;
 
 describe('shared coding rules', function (): void {
     arch('entities implements Entity')
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe('shared coding rules', function (): void {
         ->toBeFinal();
 
     arch('valueObjects are immutable (disabled due to mock-final-classes conflict)')
-        ->expect('Shared\\ValueObjects')
+        ->expect('Shared\\Models\\ValueObjects')
         ->toBeReadonly()
         ->toBeFinal();
 
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/CreateBrandTest.php b/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/CreateBrandTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d4fdcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/Create/CreateBrandTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Unit\Application\UseCases\Brand\Create;
+
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Create\CreateBrand;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Create\Input;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Create\Output;
+use Domain\Exceptions\BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException;
+use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
+use Domain\Ports\Services\PictureStorage;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as BaseInput;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\RawPicture;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+
+covers(CreateBrand::class);
+
+describe('create brand use case', function (): void {
+    it('creates a brand when the code is unique and valid', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $rawPicture = new RawPicture(content: 'binary-content', originalName: 'picture.jpg');
+        $logoPath   = new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg');
+
+        $input = new Input(
+            code: new BrandCode('AAA01'),
+            name: new BrandName('Name'),
+            logo: $rawPicture,
+            rcs: new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
+            contact: new Email('contact@example.com'),
+        );
+
+        $pictureStorage = \Mockery::mock(PictureStorage::class);
+        $pictureStorage->shouldReceive('store')->once()->with($rawPicture)->andReturn($logoPath);
+
+        $repository = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('existsByCode')->once()->with($input->code)->andReturn(false);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('save')->once()->with(\Mockery::type(Brand::class));
+
+        $useCase = new CreateBrand($repository, $pictureStorage);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $result = $useCase->execute($input);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($result)->toBeInstanceOf(Output::class)
+            ->and($result->code)->toBeInstanceOf(BrandCode::class);
+    });
+
+    it('throws when the brand code already exists', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $input = new Input(
+            code: new BrandCode('AAA01'),
+            name: new BrandName('Name'),
+            logo: new RawPicture(content: 'binary-content', originalName: 'picture.jpg'),
+            rcs: new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
+            contact: new Email('contact@example.com'),
+        );
+
+        $pictureStorage = \Mockery::mock(PictureStorage::class);
+        $pictureStorage->shouldReceive('store');
+
+        $repository = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('existsByCode')->once()->with($input->code)->andReturn(true);
+        $repository->shouldNotReceive('save');
+
+        $useCase = new CreateBrand($repository, $pictureStorage);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): Output => $useCase->execute($input);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException::class);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects an input of the wrong type', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $repository     = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $pictureStorage = \Mockery::mock(PictureStorage::class);
+        $useCase        = new CreateBrand($repository, $pictureStorage);
+        $invalidInput   = new class () implements BaseInput
+        {
+        };
+
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): Output => $useCase->execute($invalidInput);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/FindBrandTest.php b/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/FindBrandTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d55ed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/Find/FindBrandTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Unit\Application\UseCases\Brand\Find;
+
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\FindBrand;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Input;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output\BrandFound;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output\BrandNotFound;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Find\Output\Output;
+use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as BaseInput;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+
+covers(FindBrand::class);
+
+describe('find brand use case', function (): void {
+    it('finds a brand by its code', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $code  = new BrandCode('AAA01');
+        $brand = Brand::hydrate(
+            BrandId::generate(),
+            $code,
+            new BrandName('Name'),
+            new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg'),
+            new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
+            new Email('contact@example.com'),
+        );
+
+        $repository = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('findByCode')->once()->with($code)->andReturn($brand);
+
+        $useCase = new FindBrand($repository);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $result = $useCase->execute(new Input(code: $code));
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($result)->toBeInstanceOf(BrandFound::class)
+            ->and($result->code)->toBe($brand->code)
+            ->and($result->rcs)->toBe($brand->rcs)
+            ->and($result->contact)->toBe($brand->contact);
+    });
+
+    it('throws when the code is not found', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $code = new BrandCode('AAA01');
+
+        $repository = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('findByCode')->once()->with($code)->andReturn(null);
+
+        $useCase = new FindBrand($repository);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $result = $useCase->execute(new Input(code: $code));
+
+        // WHEN / THEN
+        expect($result)->toBeInstanceOf(BrandNotFound::class);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects an input of the wrong type', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $repository   = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $useCase      = new FindBrand($repository);
+        $invalidInput = new class () implements BaseInput
+        {
+        };
+
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): Output => $useCase->execute($invalidInput);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/ListBrandsTest.php b/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/ListBrandsTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd31702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/List/ListBrandsTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Unit\Application\UseCases\Brand\List;
+
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\List\BrandListItem;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\List\Input;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\List\ListBrands;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\List\Output;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\List\SortCriteria;
+use Domain\Enums\Brand\SortField;
+use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as BaseInput;
+use Shared\Helpers\Paginated;
+use Shared\Helpers\Pagination;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+
+covers(ListBrands::class);
+
+describe('list brands use case', function (): void {
+    it('maps repository brands to list items, preserving pagination and sort', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $pagination = Pagination::firstPage(25);
+        $brand1     = Brand::hydrate(
+            BrandId::generate(),
+            new BrandCode('AAA01'),
+            new BrandName('Name 1'),
+            new PicturePath('files/picture-1.jpg'),
+            new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
+            new Email('contact-1@example.com'),
+        );
+        $brand2     = Brand::hydrate(
+            BrandId::generate(),
+            new BrandCode('BBB02'),
+            new BrandName('Name 2'),
+            new PicturePath('files/picture-2.jpg'),
+            new Rcs('RCS NANTES 444 555 666'),
+            new Email('contact-2@example.com'),
+        );
+        $paginated  = new Paginated($pagination, [$brand1, $brand2], 2);
+
+        $sort  = new SortCriteria(field: SortField::CreatedAt, direction: \SortDirection::Descending);
+        $input = new Input(pagination: $pagination, sort: $sort);
+
+        $repository = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('findAll')
+            ->once()
+            ->with($pagination, SortField::CreatedAt, \SortDirection::Descending)
+            ->andReturn($paginated);
+
+        $useCase = new ListBrands($repository);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $result = $useCase->execute($input);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($result)->toBeInstanceOf(Output::class);
+
+        $items = $result->brands->getItems();
+        expect($items)->toHaveCount(2)
+            ->and($items[0])->toBeInstanceOf(BrandListItem::class)
+            ->and($items[0]->name)->toBe($brand1->name)
+            ->and($items[0]->code)->toBe($brand1->code)
+            ->and($items[0]->logo)->toBe($brand1->logo)
+            ->and($result->brands->getTotal())->toBe(2)
+            ->and($result->brands->getPagination())->toBe($pagination);
+    });
+
+    it('returns an empty list without error when there are no brands', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $pagination = Pagination::firstPage(25);
+        $paginated  = new Paginated($pagination, [], 0);
+        $input      = new Input(pagination: $pagination);
+
+        $repository = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('findAll')
+            ->once()
+            ->with($pagination, null, null)
+            ->andReturn($paginated);
+
+        $useCase = new ListBrands($repository);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $result = $useCase->execute($input);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($result->brands->getItems())->toBe([])
+            ->and($result->brands->getTotal())->toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects an input of the wrong type', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $repository   = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $useCase      = new ListBrands($repository);
+        $invalidInput = new class () implements BaseInput
+        {
+        };
+
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): Output => $useCase->execute($invalidInput);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/UpdateBrandTest.php b/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/UpdateBrandTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7508ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/Application/UseCases/Brand/Update/UpdateBrandTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Unit\Application\UseCases\Brand\Update;
+
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Update\Input;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Update\Output;
+use Application\UseCases\Brand\Update\UpdateBrand;
+use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
+use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
+use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
+use Shared\DDD\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
+use Shared\DDD\UseCases\Input as BaseInput;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+
+covers(UpdateBrand::class);
+
+$existingBrand = static fn (BrandCode $code): Brand => Brand::hydrate(
+    BrandId::generate(),
+    $code,
+    new BrandName('Name'),
+    new PicturePath('files/picture-old.jpg'),
+    new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
+    new Email('contact-old@example.com'),
+);
+
+describe('update brand use case', function () use ($existingBrand): void {
+    it('updates every provided field', function () use ($existingBrand): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $code         = new BrandCode('AAA01');
+        $brand        = $existingBrand($code);
+        $newLogo      = new PicturePath('files/picture-new.jpg');
+        $newRcs       = new Rcs('RCS NANTES 444 555 666');
+        $newContact   = new Email('contact-new@example.com');
+        $input        = new Input(code: $brand->code, logo: $newLogo, rcs: $newRcs, contact: $newContact);
+
+        $repository = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('findByCode')->once()->with($code)->andReturn($brand);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('save')->once()->with(\Mockery::on(
+            fn (Brand $saved): bool => $saved->logo === $newLogo
+                && $saved->rcs                      === $newRcs
+                && $saved->contact                  === $newContact
+                && $saved->code                     === $brand->code
+                && $saved->name                     === $brand->name,
+        ));
+
+        $useCase = new UpdateBrand($repository);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $result = $useCase->execute($input);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($result)->toBeInstanceOf(Output::class)
+            ->and($result->code)->toBe($brand->code);
+    });
+
+    it('updates only the contact and leaves logo/rcs untouched', function () use ($existingBrand): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $code       = new BrandCode('AAA01');
+        $brand      = $existingBrand($code);
+        $newContact = new Email('contact-new@example.com');
+        $input      = new Input(code: $brand->code, contact: $newContact);
+
+        $repository = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('findByCode')->once()->with($code)->andReturn($brand);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('save')->once()->with(\Mockery::on(
+            fn (Brand $saved): bool => $saved->contact === $newContact
+                && $saved->logo                        === $brand->logo
+                && $saved->rcs                         === $brand->rcs
+                && $saved->code                        === $brand->code
+                && $saved->name                        === $brand->name,
+        ));
+
+        $useCase = new UpdateBrand($repository);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $useCase->execute($input);
+
+        // THEN handled via the save() expectation above
+        expect(true)->toBeTrue();
+    });
+
+    it('throws when the brand does not exist', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $code  = new BrandCode('AAA01');
+        $input = new Input(code: $code, contact: new Email('contact-new@example.com'));
+
+        $repository = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $repository->shouldReceive('findByCode')->once()->with($code)->andReturn(null);
+        $repository->shouldNotReceive('save');
+
+        $useCase = new UpdateBrand($repository);
+
+        // WHEN / THEN
+        expect(fn (): Output => $useCase->execute($input))
+            ->toThrow(NotFoundException::class);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects an input of the wrong type', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $repository   = \Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
+        $useCase      = new UpdateBrand($repository);
+        $invalidInput = new class () implements BaseInput
+        {
+        };
+
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): Output => $useCase->execute($invalidInput);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Domain/Exceptions/BrandCodeAlreadyExistsExceptionTest.php b/tests/Unit/Domain/Exceptions/BrandCodeAlreadyExistsExceptionTest.php
index f6c6874..9ead53c 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Domain/Exceptions/BrandCodeAlreadyExistsExceptionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Domain/Exceptions/BrandCodeAlreadyExistsExceptionTest.php
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ namespace Tests\Unit\Domain\Exceptions;
 
 use Domain\Exceptions\BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException;
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
-use DomainException;
 
 covers(BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException::class);
 
@@ -20,6 +19,6 @@ describe('brand code already exists exception', function (): void {
 
         // THEN
         expect($exception->getMessage())->toBe('Brand code "AAA01" already exists.')
-            ->and($exception)->toBeInstanceOf(DomainException::class);
+            ->and($exception)->toBeInstanceOf(\DomainException::class);
     });
 });
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Domain/Exceptions/BrandNotFoundExceptionTest.php b/tests/Unit/Domain/Exceptions/BrandNotFoundExceptionTest.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 684ca91..0000000
--- a/tests/Unit/Domain/Exceptions/BrandNotFoundExceptionTest.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Tests\Unit\Domain\Exceptions;
-
-use Domain\Exceptions\BrandNotFoundException;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
-use DomainException;
-
-covers(BrandNotFoundException::class);
-
-describe('brand not found exception', function (): void {
-    it('get the correct message from id', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id = BrandId::generate();
-
-        // WHEN
-        $exception = BrandNotFoundException::fromId($id);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($exception->getMessage())->toBe('Brand with id "' . $id . '" was not found.')
-            ->and($exception)->toBeInstanceOf(DomainException::class);
-    });
-
-    it('get the correct message from code', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $code = new BrandCode('AAA01');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $exception = BrandNotFoundException::fromCode($code);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($exception->getMessage())->toBe('Brand with code "AAA01" was not found.')
-            ->and($exception)->toBeInstanceOf(DomainException::class);
-    });
-});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/Entities/BrandTest.php b/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/Entities/BrandTest.php
index 61b5cc0..b88ad16 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/Entities/BrandTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/Entities/BrandTest.php
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Tests\Unit\Domain\Models\Entities;
 
-use DateTimeImmutable;
-use DateTimeZone;
 use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
@@ -13,8 +11,7 @@ use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
 use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
 use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
-use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\RCS;
-use stdClass;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
 
 covers(Brand::class);
 
@@ -25,19 +22,55 @@ describe('brand', function (): void {
         $code    = new BrandCode('AAA01');
         $name    = new BrandName('Name');
         $logo    = new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg');
-        $rcs     = new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
+        $rcs     = new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
         $contact = new Email('contact@example.com');
 
         // WHEN
-        $brand = new Brand($id, $code, $name, $logo, $rcs, $contact);
+        $brand = Brand::hydrate($id, $code, $name, $logo, $rcs, $contact);
 
         // THEN
         expect($brand->id())->toBe($id)
-            ->and($brand->code())->toBe($code)
-            ->and($brand->name())->toBe($name)
-            ->and($brand->logo())->toBe($logo)
-            ->and($brand->rcs())->toBe($rcs)
-            ->and($brand->contact())->toBe($contact);
+            ->and($brand->code)->toBe($code)
+            ->and($brand->name)->toBe($name)
+            ->and($brand->logo)->toBe($logo)
+            ->and($brand->rcs)->toBe($rcs)
+            ->and($brand->contact)->toBe($contact);
+    });
+
+    it('creates a new brand with a freshly generated id', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $code    = new BrandCode('AAA01');
+        $name    = new BrandName('Name');
+        $logo    = new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg');
+        $rcs     = new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
+        $contact = new Email('contact@example.com');
+
+        // WHEN
+        $brand = Brand::create($code, $name, $logo, $rcs, $contact);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($brand->id())->toBeInstanceOf(BrandId::class)
+            ->and($brand->code)->toBe($code)
+            ->and($brand->name)->toBe($name)
+            ->and($brand->logo)->toBe($logo)
+            ->and($brand->rcs)->toBe($rcs)
+            ->and($brand->contact)->toBe($contact);
+    });
+
+    it('generates a different id for each created brand', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $code    = new BrandCode('AAA01');
+        $name    = new BrandName('Name');
+        $logo    = new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg');
+        $rcs     = new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
+        $contact = new Email('contact@example.com');
+
+        // WHEN
+        $first  = Brand::create($code, $name, $logo, $rcs, $contact);
+        $second = Brand::create($code, $name, $logo, $rcs, $contact);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($first->id()->equals($second->id()))->toBeFalse();
     });
 
     it('updates a brand logo', function (): void {
@@ -47,20 +80,20 @@ describe('brand', function (): void {
         $name    = new BrandName('Name');
         $logoOld = new PicturePath('files/picture-old.jpg');
         $logoNew = new PicturePath('files/picture-new.jpg');
-        $rcs     = new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
+        $rcs     = new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
         $contact = new Email('contact@example.com');
-        $brand   = new Brand($id, $code, $name, $logoOld, $rcs, $contact);
+        $brand   = Brand::hydrate($id, $code, $name, $logoOld, $rcs, $contact);
 
         // WHEN
         $brand = $brand->changeLogo($logoNew);
 
         // THEN
         expect($brand->id())->toBe($id)
-            ->and($brand->code())->toBe($code)
-            ->and($brand->name())->toBe($name)
-            ->and($brand->logo())->toBe($logoNew)
-            ->and($brand->rcs())->toBe($rcs)
-            ->and($brand->contact())->toBe($contact);
+            ->and($brand->code)->toBe($code)
+            ->and($brand->name)->toBe($name)
+            ->and($brand->logo)->toBe($logoNew)
+            ->and($brand->rcs)->toBe($rcs)
+            ->and($brand->contact)->toBe($contact);
     });
 
     it('updates a brand rcs', function (): void {
@@ -69,21 +102,21 @@ describe('brand', function (): void {
         $code    = new BrandCode('AAA01');
         $name    = new BrandName('Name');
         $logo    = new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg');
-        $rcsOld  = new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
-        $rcsNew  = new RCS('RCS NANTES 444 555 666');
+        $rcsOld  = new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
+        $rcsNew  = new Rcs('RCS NANTES 444 555 666');
         $contact = new Email('contact@example.com');
-        $brand   = new Brand($id, $code, $name, $logo, $rcsOld, $contact);
+        $brand   = Brand::hydrate($id, $code, $name, $logo, $rcsOld, $contact);
 
         // WHEN
         $brand = $brand->changeRcs($rcsNew);
 
         // THEN
         expect($brand->id())->toBe($id)
-            ->and($brand->code())->toBe($code)
-            ->and($brand->name())->toBe($name)
-            ->and($brand->logo())->toBe($logo)
-            ->and($brand->rcs())->toBe($rcsNew)
-            ->and($brand->contact())->toBe($contact);
+            ->and($brand->code)->toBe($code)
+            ->and($brand->name)->toBe($name)
+            ->and($brand->logo)->toBe($logo)
+            ->and($brand->rcs)->toBe($rcsNew)
+            ->and($brand->contact)->toBe($contact);
     });
 
     it('updates a brand contact', function (): void {
@@ -92,33 +125,33 @@ describe('brand', function (): void {
         $code       = new BrandCode('AAA01');
         $name       = new BrandName('Name');
         $logo       = new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg');
-        $rcs        = new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
+        $rcs        = new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
         $contactOld = new Email('contact-old@example.com');
         $contactNew = new Email('contact-new@example.com');
-        $brand      = new Brand($id, $code, $name, $logo, $rcs, $contactOld);
+        $brand      = Brand::hydrate($id, $code, $name, $logo, $rcs, $contactOld);
 
         // WHEN
         $brand = $brand->changeContact($contactNew);
 
         // THEN
         expect($brand->id())->toBe($id)
-            ->and($brand->code())->toBe($code)
-            ->and($brand->name())->toBe($name)
-            ->and($brand->logo())->toBe($logo)
-            ->and($brand->rcs())->toBe($rcs)
-            ->and($brand->contact())->toBe($contactNew);
+            ->and($brand->code)->toBe($code)
+            ->and($brand->name)->toBe($name)
+            ->and($brand->logo)->toBe($logo)
+            ->and($brand->rcs)->toBe($rcs)
+            ->and($brand->contact)->toBe($contactNew);
     });
 
     it('returns the creation date extracted from the id', function (): void {
         // GIVEN
-        $expected = new DateTimeImmutable('2024-06-15 12:34:56.789000', new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
+        $expected = new \DateTimeImmutable('2024-06-15 12:34:56.789000', new \DateTimeZone('UTC'));
         $id       = new BrandId(Uuid::uuid7($expected));
-        $brand    = new Brand(
+        $brand    = Brand::hydrate(
             $id,
             new BrandCode('AAA01'),
             new BrandName('Name'),
             new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
+            new Rcs('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
             new Email('contact@example.com'),
         );
 
@@ -128,58 +161,4 @@ describe('brand', function (): void {
         // THEN
         expect($result->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.v'))->toBe($expected->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.v'));
     });
-
-    it('considers two brands with the same id as equal', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id =  BrandId::generate();
-
-        // WHEN
-        $first  = new Brand(
-            $id,
-            new BrandCode('AAA01'),
-            new BrandName('Name 1'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture-1.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
-            new Email('contact@example.com'),
-        );
-        $second = new Brand(
-            $id,
-            new BrandCode('BBB02'),
-            new BrandName('Name 2'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture-2.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS NANTES 444 555 666'),
-            new Email('contact@example.com'),
-        );
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($first->equals($second))->toBeTrue();
-    });
-
-    it('considers a brand as not equal to', function (mixed $other): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $brand = new Brand(
-            BrandId::generate(),
-            new BrandCode('AAA01'),
-            new BrandName('Name'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
-            new Email('contact@example.com'),
-        );
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $brand->equals($other);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeFalse();
-    })->with([
-        'different brand id' => new Brand(
-            BrandId::generate(),
-            new BrandCode('AAA01'),
-            new BrandName('Name'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
-            new Email('contact@example.com'),
-        ),
-        'non-brand value'    => new stdClass(),
-    ]);
 });
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandCodeTest.php b/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandCodeTest.php
index 201d016..c469636 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandCodeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandCodeTest.php
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace Tests\Unit\Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand;
 
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
-use DomainException;
-use stdClass;
 
 covers(BrandCode::class);
 
@@ -20,82 +18,56 @@ describe('brand code', function (): void {
 
         // THEN
         expect($code)->toBeInstanceOf(BrandCode::class)
-            ->and($code->value())->toBe($value);
+            ->and($code->value)->toBe($value);
     });
-
-    it('considers two brand codes with the same value as equal', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $first  = new BrandCode('AAA01');
-        $second = new BrandCode('AAA01');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $first->equals($second);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeTrue();
-    });
-
-    it('considers a brand code as not equal to', function (mixed $invalid): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $code = new BrandCode('AAA01');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $code->equals($invalid);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeFalse();
-    })->with([
-        'different code' => new BrandCode('BBB02'),
-        'non-code value' => new stdClass(),
-    ]);
 });
 
 describe('brand code rules', function (): void {
     it('rejects empty strings', function (string $invalid): void {
         // WHEN / THEN
-        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
 
         // GIVEN
     })->with(['', ' ', "\t", "\n"]);
 
     it('rejects numbers only', function (string $invalid): void {
         // WHEN / THEN
-        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
 
         // GIVEN
     })->with(['12345', '67890']);
 
     it('rejects letters only', function (string $invalid): void {
         // WHEN / THEN
-        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
 
         // GIVEN
     })->with(['ABCDE', 'FGHIJ']);
 
     it('rejects codes with special characters', function (string $invalid): void {
         // WHEN / THEN
-        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
 
         // GIVEN
     })->with(['AB@12', 'CD#34', 'EF$56']);
 
     it('rejects codes that have the same digit repeated', function (string $invalid): void {
         // WHEN / THEN
-        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
 
         // GIVEN
     })->with(['ABC11', 'DEF22', 'GHI33']);
 
     it('rejects codes with lowercase letters', function (string $invalid): void {
         // WHEN / THEN
-        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
 
         // GIVEN
     })->with(['AbC12', 'dEf34', 'GhI56']);
 
     it('rejects codes with more/less than 3 letters or more/less than 2 digits', function (string $invalid): void {
         // WHEN / THEN
-        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): BrandCode => new BrandCode($invalid))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
 
         // GIVEN
     })->with([
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandIdTest.php b/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandIdTest.php
index 72e81a0..c3e2de2 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandIdTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandIdTest.php
@@ -4,14 +4,10 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Tests\Unit\Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand;
 
-use DateTimeImmutable;
-use DateTimeZone;
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
-use DomainException;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Lazy\LazyUuidFromString;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\UuidInterface;
-use stdClass;
 
 covers(BrandId::class);
 
@@ -38,7 +34,7 @@ describe('brand id', function (): void {
         $input = $invalid;
 
         // WHEN & THEN
-        expect(fn (): BrandId => new BrandId($input))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): BrandId => new BrandId($input))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
     })->with([
         'UUID v1'        => Uuid::uuid1(),
         'UUID v4'        => Uuid::uuid4(),
@@ -48,7 +44,7 @@ describe('brand id', function (): void {
 
     it('returns the datetime embedded in the v7 uuid', function (): void {
         // GIVEN
-        $expected = new DateTimeImmutable('2024-06-15 12:34:56.789000', new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
+        $expected = new \DateTimeImmutable('2024-06-15 12:34:56.789000', new \DateTimeZone('UTC'));
         $uuid     = Uuid::uuid7($expected);
         $id       = new BrandId($uuid);
 
@@ -71,6 +67,6 @@ describe('brand id', function (): void {
         expect($result)->toBeFalse();
     })->with([
         'different id' => BrandId::generate(),
-        'non-id value' => new stdClass(),
+        'non-id value' => new \stdClass(),
     ]);
 });
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandNameTest.php b/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandNameTest.php
index 279425a..2cc6013 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandNameTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Domain/Models/ValueObjects/Brand/BrandNameTest.php
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace Tests\Unit\Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand;
 
 use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
-use DomainException;
-use stdClass;
 
 covers(BrandName::class);
 
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ describe('brand name', function (): void {
         $name = new BrandName($value);
 
         // THEN
-        expect($name->value())->toBe('Name');
+        expect($name->value)->toBe('Name');
     });
 
     it('rejects invalid brand name', function (): void {
@@ -27,33 +25,17 @@ describe('brand name', function (): void {
         $value = '';
 
         // GIVEN / THEN
-        expect(fn (): BrandName => new BrandName($value))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): BrandName => new BrandName($value))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
     });
 
     it('rejects a name that exceeds the maximum allowed length', function (): void {
         // GIVEN
-        $pathValue = str_repeat('a', 2049);
+        $pathValue = str_repeat('a', 210);
 
         // WHEN
         $action = fn (): BrandName => new BrandName($pathValue);
 
         // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(DomainException::class, 'Brand name exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class, 'Brand name exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
     });
-
-    it('considers a brand name as not equal to', function (mixed $invalid): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $name = new BrandName('Name 01');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $name->equals($invalid);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeFalse();
-
-        // GIVEN
-    })->with([
-        'different name' => new BrandName('Name 02'),
-        'non-name value' => new stdClass(),
-    ]);
 });
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Domain/Services/BrandServiceTest.php b/tests/Unit/Domain/Services/BrandServiceTest.php
deleted file mode 100644
index b0fa54c..0000000
--- a/tests/Unit/Domain/Services/BrandServiceTest.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,366 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Tests\Unit\Domain\Services;
-
-use Domain\Services\BrandService;
-use Domain\Enums\Brand\SortDirection;
-use Domain\Enums\Brand\SortField;
-use Domain\Models\Entities\Brand;
-use Domain\Exceptions\BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException;
-use Domain\Exceptions\BrandNotFoundException;
-use Domain\Ports\Repositories\BrandRepository;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandCode;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandId;
-use Domain\Models\ValueObjects\Brand\BrandName;
-use Mockery;
-use Shared\Helpers\Paginated;
-use Shared\Helpers\Pagination;
-use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
-use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
-use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\RCS;
-
-covers(BrandService::class);
-
-describe('brand service', function (): void {
-    it('creates a brand', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $code    = new BrandCode('AAA01');
-        $name    = new BrandName('Name');
-        $logo    = new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg');
-        $rcs     = new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
-        $contact = new Email('contact@example.com');
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('existsByCode')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($code)
-            ->andReturn(false);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('save')
-            ->once();
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $brand = $service->create($code, $name, $logo, $rcs, $contact);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($brand)->toBeInstanceOf(Brand::class)
-            ->and($brand->code())->toBe($code)
-            ->and($brand->name())->toBe($name);
-    });
-
-    it('throws when the brand code already exists', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $code    = new BrandCode('AAA01');
-        $name    = new BrandName('Name');
-        $logo    = new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg');
-        $rcs     = new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
-        $contact = new Email('contact@example.com');
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('existsByCode')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($code)
-            ->andReturn(true);
-        $mock->shouldNotReceive('save');
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $action = fn (): Brand => $service->create(
-            $code,
-            $name,
-            $logo,
-            $rcs,
-            $contact,
-        );
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(BrandCodeAlreadyExistsException::class);
-    });
-
-    it('gets a brand by id', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id    = BrandId::generate();
-        $brand = new Brand(
-            $id,
-            new BrandCode('AAA01'),
-            new BrandName('Name'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
-            new Email('contact@example.com'),
-        );
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findById')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($id)
-            ->andReturn($brand);
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $service->getById($id);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBe($brand);
-    });
-
-    it('throws when the brand id is not found', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id = BrandId::generate();
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findById')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($id)
-            ->andReturn(null);
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $action = fn (): Brand => $service->getById($id);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(BrandNotFoundException::class);
-    });
-
-    it('gets a brand by code', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $code  = new BrandCode('AAA01');
-        $brand = new Brand(
-            BrandId::generate(),
-            $code,
-            new BrandName('Name'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
-            new Email('contact@example.com'),
-        );
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findByCode')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($code)
-            ->andReturn($brand);
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $service->getByCode($code);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBe($brand);
-    });
-
-    it('throws when the brand code is not found', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $code = new BrandCode('AAA01');
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findByCode')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($code)
-            ->andReturn(null);
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $action = fn (): Brand => $service->getByCode($code);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(BrandNotFoundException::class);
-    });
-
-    it('updates the logo of a brand', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id    = BrandId::generate();
-        $brand = new Brand(
-            $id,
-            new BrandCode('AAA01'),
-            new BrandName('Name'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture-old.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
-            new Email('contact@example.com'),
-        );
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findById')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($id)
-            ->andReturn($brand);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('save')
-            ->once();
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $newLogo = new PicturePath('files/picture-new.jpg');
-        $updated = $service->updateLogo($id, $newLogo);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($updated)->not->toBe($brand)
-            ->and($updated->logo())->toBe($newLogo);
-    });
-
-    it('throws when updating the logo of a brand that does not exist', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id = BrandId::generate();
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findById')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($id)
-            ->andReturn(null);
-        $mock->shouldNotReceive('save');
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $newLogo = new PicturePath('files/picture-new.jpg');
-        $action  = fn (): Brand => $service->updateLogo($id, $newLogo);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(BrandNotFoundException::class);
-    });
-
-    it('updates the RCS text of a brand', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id    = BrandId::generate();
-        $brand = new Brand(
-            $id,
-            new BrandCode('AAA01'),
-            new BrandName('Name'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture-old.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
-            new Email('contact@example.com'),
-        );
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findById')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($id)
-            ->andReturn($brand);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('save')
-            ->once();
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $newRcs  = new RCS('RCS NANTES 444 555 666');
-        $updated = $service->updateRcs($id, $newRcs);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($updated)->not->toBe($brand)
-            ->and($updated->rcs())->toBe($newRcs);
-    });
-
-    it('throws when updating the RCS text of a brand that does not exist', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id = BrandId::generate();
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findById')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($id)
-            ->andReturn(null);
-        $mock->shouldNotReceive('save');
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $newRcs = new RCS('RCS NANTES 444 555 666');
-        $action = fn (): Brand => $service->updateRcs($id, $newRcs);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(BrandNotFoundException::class);
-    });
-
-    it('updates the contact of a brand', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id    = BrandId::generate();
-        $brand = new Brand(
-            $id,
-            new BrandCode('AAA01'),
-            new BrandName('Name'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture-old.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
-            new Email('contact-old@example.com'),
-        );
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findById')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($id)
-            ->andReturn($brand);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('save')
-            ->once();
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $newContact = new Email('contact-new@example.com');
-        $updated    = $service->updateContact($id, $newContact);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($updated)->not->toBe($brand)
-            ->and($updated->contact())->toBe($newContact);
-    });
-
-    it('throws when updating the contact of a brand that does not exist', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $id = BrandId::generate();
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock->shouldReceive('findById')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($id)
-            ->andReturn(null);
-        $mock->shouldNotReceive('save');
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $newContact = new Email('contact-new@example.com');
-        $action     = fn (): Brand => $service->updateContact($id, $newContact);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(BrandNotFoundException::class);
-    });
-
-    it('lists brands with pagination and sorting', function (): void {
-        $brand1 = new Brand(
-            BrandId::generate(),
-            new BrandCode('AAA01'),
-            new BrandName('Name 01'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture-1.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333'),
-            new Email('contact-1@example.com'),
-        );
-        $brand2 = new Brand(
-            BrandId::generate(),
-            new BrandCode('BBB02'),
-            new BrandName('Name 02'),
-            new PicturePath('files/picture-2.jpg'),
-            new RCS('RCS NANTES 444 555 666'),
-            new Email('contact-2@example.com'),
-        );
-
-        $pagination    = Pagination::ofPage(1, 25);
-        $sortField     = SortField::NAME;
-        $sortDirection = SortDirection::ASC;
-        $paginated     = new Paginated($pagination, [$brand1, $brand2], 2);
-
-        $mock = Mockery::mock(BrandRepository::class);
-        $mock
-            ->shouldReceive('findAll')
-            ->once()
-            ->with($pagination, $sortField, $sortDirection)
-            ->andReturn($paginated);
-
-        $service = new BrandService($mock);
-
-        expect($service->getAll($pagination))->toBe($paginated);
-    });
-});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Shared/Exceptions/InvalidUuidExceptionTest.php b/tests/Unit/Shared/DDD/Exceptions/InvalidUuidExceptionTest.php
similarity index 57%
rename from tests/Unit/Shared/Exceptions/InvalidUuidExceptionTest.php
rename to tests/Unit/Shared/DDD/Exceptions/InvalidUuidExceptionTest.php
index 8e85a9b..dddbb07 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Shared/Exceptions/InvalidUuidExceptionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Shared/DDD/Exceptions/InvalidUuidExceptionTest.php
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
-namespace Tests\Unit\Shared\Exceptions;
+namespace Tests\Unit\Shared\DDD\Exceptions;
 
-use Shared\Exceptions\InvalidUuidException;
-use InvalidArgumentException;
+use Shared\DDD\Exceptions\InvalidUuidException;
 
 covers(InvalidUuidException::class);
 
@@ -15,10 +14,10 @@ describe('uuid invalid exception', function (): void {
         $uuid = '';
 
         // WHEN
-        $exception = InvalidUuidException::forValue($uuid);
+        $exception = new InvalidUuidException($uuid);
 
         // THEN
         expect($exception->getMessage())->toBe("Invalid UUID: {$uuid}")
-            ->and($exception)->toBeInstanceOf(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+            ->and($exception)->toBeInstanceOf(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
     });
 });
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Shared/Helpers/UuidHelperTest.php b/tests/Unit/Shared/Helpers/UuidHelperTest.php
index e458ec1..6b80d45 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Shared/Helpers/UuidHelperTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Shared/Helpers/UuidHelperTest.php
@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Tests\Unit\Shared\Helpers;
 
-use DateTimeImmutable;
-use DateTimeZone;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Lazy\LazyUuidFromString;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
-use Shared\Exceptions\InvalidUuidException;
+use Shared\DDD\Exceptions\InvalidUuidException;
 use Shared\Helpers\UuidHelper;
 
 describe('uuid helper', function (): void {
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ describe('uuid helper', function (): void {
 
     it('returns the timestamp from a v7 uuid', function (): void {
         // GIVEN
-        $expected = new DateTimeImmutable('2024-06-15 12:34:56.789000', new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
+        $expected = new \DateTimeImmutable('2024-06-15 12:34:56.789000', new \DateTimeZone('UTC'));
         $uuid     = Uuid::uuid7($expected);
 
         // WHEN
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ describe('uuid helper', function (): void {
         $uuid = Uuid::uuid4();
 
         // WHEN / THEN
-        expect(fn (): DateTimeImmutable => UuidHelper::toDateTime($uuid))
+        expect(fn (): \DateTimeImmutable => UuidHelper::toDateTime($uuid))
             ->toThrow(InvalidUuidException::class);
     });
 
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/EmailTest.php b/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/EmailTest.php
index 10a7830..fb45ab3 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/EmailTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/EmailTest.php
@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Tests\Unit\Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
 
-use DomainException;
 use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Email;
-use stdClass;
 
 covers(Email::class);
 
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ describe('email', function (): void {
 
         // THEN
         expect($email)->toBeInstanceOf(Email::class)
-            ->and($email->value())->toBe('contact@example.com');
+            ->and($email->value)->toBe('contact@example.com');
     });
 
     it('rejects an empty email', function (): void {
@@ -31,12 +29,12 @@ describe('email', function (): void {
         $action = fn (): Email => new Email($emailValue);
 
         // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(DomainException::class, 'Email cannot be empty.');
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class, 'Email cannot be empty.');
     });
 
     it('rejects invalid email formats', function (string $invalid): void {
         // GIVEN & WHEN & THEN
-        expect(fn (): Email => new Email($invalid))->toThrow(DomainException::class);
+        expect(fn (): Email => new Email($invalid))->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
     })->with([
         '',
         '   ',
@@ -45,34 +43,6 @@ describe('email', function (): void {
         'contact@',
         'contact@.com',
         'contact@com',
-        str_repeat('a', 2048) . '@example.fr'
-    ]);
-
-    it('considers two emails with the same value as equal', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $first  = new Email('contact@example.fr');
-        $second = new Email('contact@example.fr');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $first->equals($second);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeTrue();
-    });
-
-    it('considers an email as not equal to', function (mixed $invalid): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $email = new Email('contact-1@example.fr');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $email->equals($invalid);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeFalse();
-
-        // GIVEN
-    })->with([
-        'different email' => new Email('contact-2@example.fr'),
-        'non-email value' => new stdClass(),
+        str_repeat('a', 200) . '@example.fr'
     ]);
 });
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/PicturePathTest.php b/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/PicturePathTest.php
index db6847b..365837b 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/PicturePathTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/PicturePathTest.php
@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Tests\Unit\Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
 
-use DomainException;
 use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
-use stdClass;
 
 covers(PicturePath::class);
 
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ describe('picture path', function (): void {
 
         // THEN
         expect($path)->toBeInstanceOf(PicturePath::class)
-            ->and($path->value())->toBe($pathValue);
+            ->and($path->value)->toBe($pathValue);
     });
 
     it('rejects an empty path', function (): void {
@@ -31,30 +29,30 @@ describe('picture path', function (): void {
         $action = fn (): PicturePath => new PicturePath($pathValue);
 
         // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(DomainException::class, 'Picture Path cannot be empty.');
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class, 'Picture Path cannot be empty.');
     });
 
     it('rejects a path that exceeds the maximum allowed length', function (): void {
         // GIVEN
-        $pathValue = str_repeat('a', 2049) . '.jpg';
+        $pathValue = str_repeat('a', 210) . '.jpg';
 
         // WHEN
         $action = fn (): PicturePath => new PicturePath($pathValue);
 
         // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(DomainException::class, 'Picture Path exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class, 'Picture Path exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
     });
 
     it('accepts a path of exactly the maximum length', function (): void {
         // GIVEN
-        $pathValue = str_repeat('a', 2044) . '.jpg';
+        $pathValue = str_repeat('a', 196) . '.jpg';
 
         // WHEN
         $path = new PicturePath($pathValue);
 
         // THEN
         expect($path)->toBeInstanceOf(PicturePath::class)
-            ->and($path->value())->toHaveLength(2048);
+            ->and($path->value)->toHaveLength(200);
     });
 
     it('rejects a path without an image extension', function (): void {
@@ -65,34 +63,6 @@ describe('picture path', function (): void {
         $action = fn (): PicturePath => new PicturePath($pathValue);
 
         // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(DomainException::class, 'Picture Path must end with one of: ' . implode(', ', PicturePath::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS));
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class, 'Picture Path must end with one of: ' . implode(', ', PicturePath::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS));
     });
-
-    it('considers two paths to be equal if they have the same value', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $first  = new PicturePath('coupons/logo.png');
-        $second = new PicturePath('coupons/logo.png');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $first->equals($second);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeTrue();
-    });
-
-    it('considers a logo as not equal to', function (mixed $invalid): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $logo = new PicturePath('coupons/logo-1.png');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $logo->equals($invalid);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeFalse();
-
-        // GIVEN
-    })->with([
-        'different picture path' => new PicturePath('coupons/logo-2.png'),
-        'non-picture-path value' => new stdClass(),
-    ]);
 });
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RCSTest.php b/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RCSTest.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 18fae82..0000000
--- a/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RCSTest.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Tests\Unit\Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
-
-use DomainException;
-use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\RCS;
-use stdClass;
-
-covers(RCS::class);
-
-describe('RCS text', function (): void {
-    it('creates a valid RCS', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $rcsValue = 'RCS PARIS 111 222 333';
-
-        // WHEN
-        $rcs = new RCS($rcsValue);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($rcs)->toBeInstanceOf(RCS::class)
-            ->and($rcs->value())->toBe($rcsValue);
-    });
-
-    it('rejects an empty RCS text', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $rcsValue = '';
-
-        // WHEN
-        $action = fn (): RCS => new RCS($rcsValue);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(DomainException::class, 'RCS text cannot be empty.');
-    });
-
-    it('rejects invalid TCS text formats', function (string $invalid): void {
-        // GIVEN & WHEN & THEN
-        expect(fn (): RCS => new RCS($invalid))
-            ->toThrow(DomainException::class);
-    })->with([
-        '',
-        '   ',
-        'Paris',
-        'RCS PARIS',
-        '111 222 333',
-        'RCS PARIS 111',
-        'RCS PARIS 111 222',
-        'PARIS 111 222 333',
-        'RCS PARIS 1A1 2B2 3C3',
-        'RCS PARIS 1111 2222 3333',
-    ]);
-
-    it('rejects an RCS text that exceeds the maximum allowed length', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $rcsValue = str_repeat('a', 2049);
-
-        // WHEN
-        $action = fn (): RCS => new RCS($rcsValue);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($action)->toThrow(DomainException::class, 'RCS text exceeds the maximum allowed length.');
-    });
-
-    it('considers two RCS texts to be equal if they have the same value', function (): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $first  = new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
-        $second = new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $first->equals($second);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeTrue();
-    });
-
-    it('considers an RCS text as not equal to', function (mixed $invalid): void {
-        // GIVEN
-        $rcs = new RCS('RCS PARIS 111 222 333');
-
-        // WHEN
-        $result = $rcs->equals($invalid);
-
-        // THEN
-        expect($result)->toBeFalse();
-
-        // GIVEN
-    })->with([
-        'different rcs text' => new RCS('RCS NANTES 444 555 666'),
-        'non-rcs-text value' => new stdClass(),
-    ]);
-});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RawPictureTest.php b/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RawPictureTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d491485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RawPictureTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Unit\Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
+
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\PicturePath;
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\RawPicture;
+
+covers(RawPicture::class);
+
+describe('raw picture', function (): void {
+    it('creates a valid RawPicture', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $content      = 'binary-content';
+        $originalName = 'logo.png';
+
+        // WHEN
+        $picture = new RawPicture($content, $originalName);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($picture)->toBeInstanceOf(RawPicture::class)
+            ->and($picture->content)->toBe($content)
+            ->and($picture->originalName)->toBe($originalName);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects an empty content', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $content = '';
+
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): RawPicture => new RawPicture($content, 'logo.png');
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects a content that exceeds the maximum allowed size', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $content = str_repeat('a', RawPicture::MAX_SIZE_IN_BYTES + 1);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): RawPicture => new RawPicture($content, 'logo.png');
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
+    });
+
+    it('accepts a content of exactly the maximum allowed size', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $content = str_repeat('a', RawPicture::MAX_SIZE_IN_BYTES);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $picture = new RawPicture($content, 'logo.png');
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($picture)->toBeInstanceOf(RawPicture::class)
+            ->and(strlen($picture->content))->toBe(RawPicture::MAX_SIZE_IN_BYTES);
+    });
+
+    it('measures the size in bytes, not in characters', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $content = str_repeat('é', RawPicture::MAX_SIZE_IN_BYTES - 1);
+
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): RawPicture => new RawPicture($content, 'logo.png');
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects an empty original name', function (string $originalName): void {
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): RawPicture => new RawPicture('binary-content', $originalName);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
+
+        // GIVEN
+    })->with([
+        'empty string'    => '',
+        'spaces only'     => '   ',
+        'whitespace only' => "\t\n ",
+    ]);
+
+    it('rejects an original name without an allowed extension', function (string $originalName): void {
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): RawPicture => new RawPicture('binary-content', $originalName);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
+
+        // GIVEN
+    })->with([
+        'no extension'          => 'logo',
+        'forbidden extension'   => 'logo.gif',
+        'executable extension'  => 'logo.php',
+        'trailing dot'          => 'logo.',
+        'double extension'      => 'logo.png.exe',
+    ]);
+
+    it('accepts every allowed extension', function (string $extension): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $originalName = 'logo.' . $extension;
+
+        // WHEN
+        $picture = new RawPicture('binary-content', $originalName);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($picture)->toBeInstanceOf(RawPicture::class)
+            ->and($picture->originalName)->toBe($originalName);
+    })->with(RawPicture::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS);
+
+    it('accepts an original name surrounded by whitespace and keeps it as provided', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $originalName = '  logo.png  ';
+
+        // WHEN
+        $picture = new RawPicture('binary-content', $originalName);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($picture->originalName)->toBe($originalName);
+    });
+
+    it('shares its allowed extensions with PicturePath', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN / WHEN / THEN
+        expect(RawPicture::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS)
+            ->toBe(PicturePath::ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RcsTest.php b/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RcsTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd19b53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/Shared/Models/ValueObjects/RcsTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Unit\Shared\Models\ValueObjects;
+
+use Shared\Models\ValueObjects\Rcs;
+
+covers(Rcs::class);
+
+describe('Rcs text', function (): void {
+    it('creates a valid Rcs', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $rcsValue = 'RCS PARIS 111 222 333';
+
+        // WHEN
+        $rcs = new Rcs($rcsValue);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($rcs)->toBeInstanceOf(Rcs::class)
+            ->and($rcs->value)->toBe($rcsValue);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects an empty Rcs text', function (): void {
+        // GIVEN
+        $rcsValue = '';
+
+        // WHEN
+        $action = fn (): Rcs => new Rcs($rcsValue);
+
+        // THEN
+        expect($action)->toThrow(\DomainException::class, 'Rcs text cannot be empty.');
+    });
+
+    it('rejects invalid TCS text formats', function (string $invalid): void {
+        // GIVEN & WHEN & THEN
+        expect(fn (): Rcs => new Rcs($invalid))
+            ->toThrow(\DomainException::class);
+    })->with([
+        '',
+        '   ',
+        'Paris',
+        'RCS PARIS',
+        '111 222 333',
+        'RCS PARIS 111',
+        'RCS PARIS 111 222',
+        'PARIS 111 222 333',
+        'RCS PARIS 1A1 2B2 3C3',
+        'RCS PARIS 1111 2222 3333',
+    ]);
+});